@article { author = {Imani, Hadi and Vesal, Nasser and Mohammadi-Samani, Soliman}, title = {Evaluation of Intravenous Lidocaine Overdose in Chickens (Gallus domesticus)}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery}, volume = {08}, number = {1}, pages = {9-16}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)}, issn = {2008-3033}, eissn = {2676-6299}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective- To evaluate the total toxic dose of lidocaine and serum lidocaine concentrations resulting in clinical signs of toxicity in chickens. Design- Experimental study Animals- Eight healthy, female, 55-week-old chickens (Lohman breed) weighing 1.45 ± 0.17 kg (mean ± SD) Procedure- A loading dose of 2% lidocaine (4 mg/kg) was administered IV, followed by a constant-rate infusion at a dose of 8 mg/kg/min using a syringe pump. Times to onset of convulsion and/or respiratory arrest were recorded and the total toxic dose of lidocaine was determined. Blood sample was withdrawn for lidocaine analysis at the onset of the major signs of intoxication (convulsion or respiratory arrest). Results- The total toxic dose of lidocaine required to produce systemic toxicity and corresponding serum lidocaine concentration were 28.96 ± 6.21 mg/kg and 38.5 ± 10.4 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusions and clinical relevance- Based on the results of this study, greater doses of lidocaine are needed to produce toxic manifestations in chickens as compared with mammals.}, keywords = {Lidocaine,Infusion,Toxicity,Chicken}, url = {https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3628.html}, eprint = {https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3628_f14489575e73d63501ee820381ad1119.pdf} } @article { author = {Vajhi, Alireza and Veshkini, Abbas and Masoudifard, Majid and Moghim, Mehdi and Molazem, Mohammad}, title = {Ultrasonographic Findings of Ovary and Testis in Adult Acipenser Persicus During Artificial Propagation (Stage V of Maturity)}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery}, volume = {08}, number = {1}, pages = {17-22}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)}, issn = {2008-3033}, eissn = {2676-6299}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective- Acipenser persicus is one of the most important caviar producing fishes in the Caspian Sea and one of the endangered species of the sturgeon fishes. For breeding of sturgeons, large numbers of animals have to be captured and examined to obtain sufficient numbers of mature fishes that will spawn within a few months in captivity. Design- Original study Animals- A total of 66 adult Acipenser persicus (40 female and 26 male) Procedures- In the present study the gonads of adult Acipenser persicus have been assessed by ultrasonography during artificial propagation to detect the features and changes of the ovary and testis. A total of 66 adult Acipenser persicus (40 fofemale and 26 male), during artificial propagation program, were used in this practice. They underwent ultrasonographic study using a Pie Medical 200 VET ultrasonic machine. A right and left lateral parasagittal of the fish between the pectoral and anal fins and a transverse view was taken. Results- Ultrasonographic view of ovary and testis in adult Acipenser persicus during artificial propagation (stage V of maturity) were detected. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Ultrasonography prepares useful data about gonad structure, echotexture, and echogenicity during the artificial breeding period. Ultrasonography can be an accurate, non-invasive, and fast technique to assess the gonads of sturgeons in propagation centers.}, keywords = {Acipenser persicus,Ultrasonography,Sturgeon Fish,Ovary,Testis,Artificial propagation}, url = {https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3629.html}, eprint = {https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3629_642fb6f0377e5722a84872a58add38bc.pdf} } @article { author = {Dehghani Nazhvani, Fatemeh and Tabatabaei Naeini, Abotorab and Dehghani, Seifollah}, title = {Evaluation of the Effect of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) in Tendon Gap Healing by Measuring Collagen Synthesis in Guinea Pig}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery}, volume = {08}, number = {1}, pages = {23-28}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)}, issn = {2008-3033}, eissn = {2676-6299}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives- Hydroxyproline is a specific amino acid of collagen which is widely used to estimate the collagen content in biological specimens. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) on tendon gap healing using two different scaffold made from subcutaneous fascia and polypropylene tube. Design- Experimental study Animals - 16 young adult Guinea pigs Procedures- The animals were anesthetized and 3 cm incision was made on the caudal surface of the right rear limb. The deep digital flexure (DDF) tendon was severed to induce a 0.7 cm long gap. The animals were divided into 4 groups. Group 1: A tube scaffold was made from the subcutaneous fascia of the back of animal, and the two ends of severed tendon were sutured into the tube scaffold. No PPR was injected. Group 2: Similar to the first group but PRP was injected into the scaffold. Group 3: a 2.0 cm long polypropylene tube was used as scaffold and the two ends of severed tendon were sutured into this tube. No PRP was injected. Group 4: Similar to the third group but PRP was injected into this tube scaffold. After 6 weeks the animals were euthanized and tendon samples were prepared for measurement of hydroxyproline content. Results- The group 2 and 4 that received PRP, showed significant statistical difference in both Hydroxyproline and collagen content compared to their control groups 1 and 3 respectively (P<0.05). The polypropylene scaffold (group 3) was significantly better on tendon gap healing, compared to subcutaneous fascia scaffold (group 1) (P<0.05). The group 4 had a better effect on tendon gap healing significantly (P<0.05) compared to the group 2. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance - PRP in two different scaffolds improved the healing significantly compared to the groups without PRP, due to the effect of growth factor rich granules of the platelets. In group 4 synergistic effects of both PRP and polypropylene tube scaffold was observed. So the PRP was effective to enhance the healing process of tendon gap in Guinea pigs.}, keywords = {Guinea Pig,Tendon gap healing,PRP,Fascia scaffold,Polypropylen tube scaffold}, url = {https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3630.html}, eprint = {https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3630_aec7046da1abb246a2effbd7a0b2b657.pdf} } @article { author = {Jarolmasjed, Seyedhosein and Kolahian, Saeed}, title = {Pretreatment of Cats with Vitamin B6 Reduces Vomiting Episodes Following Xylazine Administration}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery}, volume = {08}, number = {1}, pages = {29-34}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)}, issn = {2008-3033}, eissn = {2676-6299}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective- Vomiting is a common problem of administration of xylazine in cats. This study was conducted to evaluate prophylactic antiemetic efficacy of vitamin B6 in sedated cats with xylazine. Design- Experimental study Animals- Eight adult cats (from both genders) were selected. Procedures- All the cats were administered with intramuscular injection of normal saline or four increasing dosages of vitamin B6 (5, 10, 20 and 40mg/kg) an hour prior to administration of xylazine with one week intervals. All the cats were monitored after injection of xylazine for thirty min to record the onset of first emesis, frequency of emetic episodes and the onset of recumbency. Results- Frequency of emetic episodes significantly decreased with each mentioned dosage of vitamin B6. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance- This study showed that pretreatment of cats with vitamin B6 may reduce episodes of xylazine induced emesis without compromising its sedative effect.}, keywords = {Cat,Sedation,Vitamin B6,Vomiting,Xylazine}, url = {https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3631.html}, eprint = {https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3631_dfbd1055856b9539eabf8764dc9bc2f6.pdf} } @article { author = {Shahabeddin, Masoumeh and Sharifi, Davood and Mokmeli, Soheila and Abarkar, Mohammad and Shirani, Daryoush and Ghazaleh, Nooshin and Bahonar, Alireza}, title = {Cumulative Clinical Evaluation of Transcutaneous Blood Laser Irradiation on Hemodynamic Changes in Anesthesia of Dogs}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery}, volume = {08}, number = {1}, pages = {35-40}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)}, issn = {2008-3033}, eissn = {2676-6299}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives-The aims of this study were evaluation the effects of blood laser irradiation on hemodynamic parameters, the amount of anesthetic drugs in maintenance of anesthesia and duration of recovery. Animals- Fifteen mixed breed dogs Procedures- dogs (25.0 ± 3.6 kg) were divided into three groups (n=5). The group I was acted as control and received only cold laser. The group II was premedicated with neuroleptanalgesics including Midazolam (0.2 mg/kg/iv/bw) plus Fentanyl (0.05 mg/kg/i.v/bw), and induction of anesthesia was done by Propofol (5 mg /kg/i.v/bw), then dogs were intubated for maintenance of anesthesia by Isoflurane 1% In addition to neuroleptanalgesics combined with Isoflurane, group III received Trans-cutaneous Blood Laser Irradiation ( Trans-cut BLI) through the cephalic venous line by a portable laser probe designed by Canadian optic &laser center immediately after intubation.The changes in cardiac rhythm, hemodynamic parameters including heart rate, blood pressure, SpO2 and the level of blood cortisol were measured before and after the induction of anesthesia on 5, 10 ,15,45, and 60 minutes. Results- No complication from anesthesia and blood laser radiation was noticed, and despite of some variation observed in collective data but there was no significant difference between homodynamic parameters, blood cortisol level, SpO2 and the doses of Isoflurane. However all of dogs in group III had smooth recovery and attained full conscious after end of anesthesia. Conclusions and clinical relevance- This study showed that transcutaneous blood laser irradiation is a safe method without any side effect to add anesthetic procedure.There was no deterioration effect on hemodynamic parameters and consumption amount of Isoflurane.}, keywords = {Transcutaneous blood laser irradiation,anesthesia,Hemodynamic changes,Dog}, url = {https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3632.html}, eprint = {https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3632_2388b48e3d64e1ff088ac59478601476.pdf} } @article { author = {Moradi, Omid and Ghamsari, Seyyed Mahdi and Mahdi Dehghan, Mohammad and Sedaghat, Reza and Akbarein, Hesameddin}, title = {Effects of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) and Platelet Rich Growth Factor (PRGF®)on the Wound Healing of Distal Part of Limbs in Horses}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery}, volume = {08}, number = {1}, pages = {41-48}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)}, issn = {2008-3033}, eissn = {2676-6299}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objectives- To evaluate the efficacy of platelet rich- plasma (PRP) and plasma rich-growth factor (PRGF®) on the wound healing on distal aspect of horses limbs. Design- Experimental study Animals - Four mixed- breed adult horses, 13 to 21 years of age and weighting 381 ±85 kg Procedures- The Limbs of each horse were treated with PRP, PRGF®, Silver Sulfa diazin and one limb received no treatment (only washing with normal saline). In this manner, each horse served as its own control. Latin square was selected as wound distribution model. Results- There were significant differences between epithelialization, percent of contraction, granular tissue formation, granular tissue surface situation, wound exudation, inflammation severity and angiogenesis in PRP and PRGF® groups, but there were no significant differences between wound surface area, inflammation expansion and fibroplasia. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Due to special trait of healing at distal aspect of horse limb which exuberant granulation tissue can cause dilation, use of PRP and PRGF® to accelerate wound healing at this region are not recommendable.}, keywords = {PRP,PRGF®,wound healing,horse,growth factor}, url = {https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3633.html}, eprint = {https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3633_1e5d5a813e0dc3a01a2502483a99fe89.pdf} } @article { author = {Sharifi, Hamid and Ghalekhani, Nima and Hashemi, Mahshid and Abbaspour-Benhengi, Zohre and Rahimifard, Hanie and Tabatabaei, Saeid and Shojaeipour, Saeedeh and Razavi, Parham and Kavousi, Fereshte}, title = {Cumulative Incidence of Locomotor Disorders in Dairy Herds of Tehran Province}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery}, volume = {08}, number = {1}, pages = {49-52}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)}, issn = {2008-3033}, eissn = {2676-6299}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective- Locomotor disorders are prevalent health problems in dairy herds that negatively affect milk production, reproduction performance and animal welfare. The ultimate cost of locomotor disorders in dairy cattle is substantially greater than treatment costs alone. As limited information is available on incidence of feet and leg disorders in Iran, the objective of this study was to determine cumulative incidence of locomotor disorders in dairy herds of Tehran province. Design- Historical cohort study Study population and procedures- Totally, 10506 Holstein cows, from 32 Iranian dairy herds, which calved from March 2007 to March 2008, were followed until the next calving or culling and cumulative incidence of locomotor disorders was calculated based on registered data. Results- Cumulative incidence of locomotor disorders in the studied cows was 23.2% (95% CI: 22.4- 23.9). This index was 20.0% (18.7-21.2), 19.6% (18.2- 21.0), 29.3% (27.1-31.5), 29.3% (27.1-31.5), 35.6% (31.6-49.3) and 23.8% (19.2-28.4) in the first to sixth and more than sixth lactation, respectively. This showed, locomotor problems are important issue in this area. Moreover, with increasing parities cumulative incidence of locomotor disorders increased; this increase could be due to weight gain, increased milk production and culling susceptible animals to these health disorders before sixth lactation. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Our findings confirm the results of previous studies that dairy herd-health programs should emphasize the control of feet and leg disorders.}, keywords = {Incidence,Locomotor disorders,Dairy cattle,Tehran Province}, url = {https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3634.html}, eprint = {https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3634_aa009e2c819ef070d94d30292821d5ee.pdf} } @article { author = {Mansoori, Foroogh Sadat and Dehyadegari, Sara and Mohtadi, Mahsa}, title = {Histological Study of Ostrich Skin after Biopsy}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery}, volume = {08}, number = {1}, pages = {53-58}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)}, issn = {2008-3033}, eissn = {2676-6299}, doi = {}, abstract = {Objective- To investigate histological structure of Ostrich skin was done. Ostrich leathers are of exotic leather types, which are in increasing demand due to their outstanding natural gain patterns formed by large feather follicles on the leather surface. Animals-Ten mature ostriches were selected from ostrich breeding center in Jupar, Kerman, Iran, all of which were in good shape and healthy condition. Procedure- For this study, some samples of ostrich skin were made from ostriches aged about 1 year old.0.5 * 0.5 cm sample of different areas of skin was made and kept in 10% formalin solution for 7 days; then, the samples were taken out. Routine histological techniques were done and 6 micron-thickness sections were cut. The sections were stained with standard Haematoxilin and Eosin (H&E) and masson trichrome and Periodic acid-Sciff(pas). The histological study was done using a light microscope and the photographs were taken for detailed illustration of the results. Results- Microscopic studies showed that the skin consisted of 2 different layers as epidermis and dermis. Epidermis consisted of the following different groups of cells, form depth to surface: basal cell – granular cell – chondrocyte shape cells and keratin cells. Dermis consisted of a dense connective tissue with both regular and irregular fibers in which the irregular part was near the epidermis. Conclusions and clinical relevance- The results of this study suggested that ostrich’s skin in either dermis or epidermis is very different from other domesticated animals; and the development of dermal connective tissue makes this skin a good model for studying wound healing and skin grafting.}, keywords = {Ostrich,skin,histology}, url = {https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3635.html}, eprint = {https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3635_be770d06734fbf31421f2391f90dcdcb.pdf} } @article { author = {Singh, Manmeet and Parrah, Jalal ud Din and Moulvi, Bashir Ahmad and Athar, Hakim and Kalim, Mohammed Osamah and Dedmari, Faisal Hassan}, title = {A Review on Pectus Excavatum in Canines: A Congenital Anomaly}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery}, volume = {08}, number = {1}, pages = {59-64}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)}, issn = {2008-3033}, eissn = {2676-6299}, doi = {}, abstract = {Pectus Excavatum is a congenital developmental deformity of the anterior chest wall, characterized by the dorsal deviation of the caudal sternum and associated costal cartilages or a ventral to dorsal narrowing of the entire thorax in which several ribs and the sternum grow abnormally. It has been reported in dogs, kittens, lambs and calves. Burmese kittens and Brachycephalic dogs are more predisposed. Common clinical signs include increased inspiratory effort, inspiratory stridor, moist rales, dyspnea and exercise intolerance. Cardiac murmurs associated with concurrent cardiac defects or compression of the heart and kinking of the great vessels are common. Increased pressure in utero, rickets and increased traction on the sternum due to abnormalities of the diaphragm have been postulated as specific mechanisms. Pectus Excavatum is initially suspected from visual examination of the anterior chest. The radiographic confirmation of Pectus Excavatum is based on the thoracic shape and radiographic changes. Cardiac malposition is usually seen, with the heart shifted to the left of midline and sometimes cranially. More objective parameters have also been suggested including the Fronto-sagittal index (FSI) and vertebral index. More recently the “Haller index” has been used based on CT scan measurements. An index over 3.25 is often defined as severe. Patients with mild disease (flat chest) may become normal without surgical intervention. However, animals with moderate or severe disease need surgical intervention. Severity of this condition is repaired in animal by surgical removal of the affected portion of the sternum and replacement with a graft and also by using a cast with sutures around the sternum.}, keywords = {Pectus Excavatum,Canine,Congenital Anomaly}, url = {https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3636.html}, eprint = {https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3636_1690654a30e2b0be3d4836358cca0fce.pdf} } @article { author = {Rajabioun, Masoud and Kazemi Mehrjerdi, Hossein and Razmyar, Jamshid}, title = {A Rare Congenital Anomaly of Wing in a Pigeon Chick (Columba livia)}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery}, volume = {08}, number = {1}, pages = {65-68}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)}, issn = {2008-3033}, eissn = {2676-6299}, doi = {}, abstract = {Case Description- A 20-day-old pigeon chick with left wing distal to the carpal joint into left flank presented to our avian medicine and surgery clinic. Clinical Findings-The bird had a mal-shaped wing structure, whereas the axial skeleton, thoracic and pelvic limbs skeleton were normal radiographically and clinically, excluding the left wing. The only clinical sign observed was recumbency. Treatment and Outcome- The affected bird underwent surgery successfully for removal of the manus. The bird did not exhibit any unusual distress after the surgery, 3 and 13 months later, except of abnormal function of corrected wing. Clinical Relevance- Among the anomalies in birds, the most frequently occurring type is skeletal deformities. In this case the exact cause was unclear and remained unknown but based on owner’s report the pigeon chick had the anomaly from first day after the birth and it might be due to a malposition in embryonic period. According to our knowledge this is the first report of such a rare condition.}, keywords = {Pigeon,Anomaly,Wing}, url = {https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3637.html}, eprint = {https://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3637_aa55e247f1e485dddcd8c399ad4d9fd3.pdf} }